About US Surname Statistics

The United States is a multicultural immigrant nation, and its surnames reflect its diverse ethnic composition. The US Census Bureau regularly publishes surname statistics, valuable for genealogy, demographic, and cultural research.

📊Source: US Census Bureau
📅Latest data: 2010 Census
👥Covering ~270 million people

Most Common US Surnames

The top 30 most common surnames in the US based on 2010 Census data:

排名姓氏含義來源人口佔比
1SmithBlacksmithEngland/Scotland2,442,9770.881%
2JohnsonSon of JohnEngland/Scotland1,932,8120.697%
3WilliamsSon of WilliamEngland/Wales1,625,2520.586%
4BrownBrown (hair/complexion)England/Scotland1,437,0260.518%
5JonesSon of JohnWales1,425,4700.514%
6GarciaGarcia (Basque)Spain1,166,1200.421%
7MillerMill operatorEngland/Germany1,161,4370.419%
8DavisSon of DavidEngland/Wales1,116,3570.403%
9RodriguezSon of RodrigoSpain1,094,9240.395%
10MartinezSon of MartinSpain1,060,1590.382%
11HernandezSon of HernandoSpain1,043,2810.376%
12LopezWolfSpain874,5230.315%
13GonzalezSon of GonzaloSpain841,0250.303%
14WilsonSon of WillEngland783,0510.282%
15AndersonSon of AndrewScotland/Scandinavia762,3940.275%
16ThomasTwinWales756,1420.273%
17TaylorTailorEngland720,3700.260%
18MooreMarshlandEngland698,6710.252%
19JacksonSon of JackEngland672,0950.242%
20MartinMars (god of war)England/France672,7110.243%
21LeeMeadow/woodlandEngland/China605,8600.218%
22PerezStoneSpain565,7990.204%
23ThompsonSon of TomEngland562,8620.203%
24WhiteWhite (hair/complexion)England543,6840.196%
25HarrisSon of HarryEngland540,8500.195%
26SanchezHolySpain527,5400.190%
27ClarkPriest/scholarEngland506,1270.182%
28RamirezSon of RamiroSpain502,3840.181%
29LewisFamous warriorWales496,8720.179%
30RobinsonSon of RobertEngland489,5420.177%

Surname Origin Categories

US surnames mainly come from the following categories:

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Occupational Surnames

~30%
Smith (blacksmith)Taylor (tailor)Baker (baker)Miller (mill operator)Fisher (fisherman)Carpenter (carpenter)
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Patronymic Surnames

~25%
Johnson (son of John)Williams (son of William)Davis (son of David)Wilson (son of Will)Anderson (son of Andrew)
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Geographic Surnames

~20%
Hill (hill)Brooks (stream)Woods (forest)Fields (field)Lake (lake)
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Descriptive Surnames

~15%
Brown (brown)White (white)Long (tall)Short (short)Young (young)
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Foreign Surnames

~10%
GarciaRodriguezMartinezChenKimNguyen

Distribution by Ethnicity

US surnames reflect the diverse ethnic composition:

European Americans

~60%
SmithJohnsonWilliamsBrownJones

Hispanic/Latino

~18%
GarciaRodriguezMartinezHernandezLopez

African Americans

~13%
WilliamsJohnsonSmithBrownJones

Asian Americans

~6%
LeeNguyenChenKimWang

Other Ethnicities

~3%
Various origins

Historical Changes

The composition of US surnames has changed with immigration waves:

1

Colonial Period (1600s)

British surnames dominate, such as Smith, Johnson, Williams

2

Founding Era (1700s)

European immigrants bring more surnames, German and Dutch increase

3

Immigration Wave (1800s)

Irish, Italian, Eastern European surnames flood in

4

Early 20th Century

Asian immigration brings Chinese, Japanese, Korean surnames

5

Modern (post-1965)

Immigration law reform, Latin American and Asian surnames increase significantly

Frequently Asked Questions

❓ What is the most common surname in the US?

According to the 2010 Census, Smith is the most common surname in America, with about 2.44 million people (0.881% of the population).

❓ Why is Smith so common?

Smith (blacksmith) was the most common occupation in medieval England, making it the most prevalent surname. British immigrants brought it to America.

❓ How many different surnames are in the US?

The US has about 6.3 million different surnames, including immigrant surnames from around the world, reflecting America's multicultural character.

❓ Why are Hispanic surnames so common?

Surnames like Garcia, Rodriguez, and Martinez rank high due to the large Hispanic/Latino population, comprising about 18% of the US population.

❓ What are common Asian surnames?

Common Asian surnames include Lee, Nguyen, Chen, Kim, and Wang, reflecting immigration from China, Vietnam, Korea, and other Asian countries.

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